00:00.00 ALEX Hey everyone welcome to another episode of archaeo animals the podcast all about zoareology I'm Alex Fitzpatrick and with me as always and we are introducing our newest installments of our latest miniseries titled wear in the world which. 00:07.62 S_ Granarius See what ofhaanga. 00:19.66 ALEX Is again a testament to how good I am with titles and it's it's let us kind of you know, break out of our British shows and enter other parts of the world. Take a look at the zooarcheology there and we've broken them up into. 00:23.75 S_ Granarius Passes. 00:37.58 ALEX Continents for ease because obviously we could spend probably the next decade if we wanted to go like country through country which week if you want us to do that. Let us know um I guess. 00:48.10 S_ Granarius I can really picture an episode like in 50 years time so this is episode 3036 of archoans. 00:58.80 ALEX Where in the world. But yeah I feel like continents was probably the best. Obviously we're still kind of generalizing here. But you know I feel like continent's good because at least we can kind of break it down to regions. Although I guess this episode is a bit. Different because we will be tackling 2 continents. We will be looking at north and South America which is where I'm from. So finally, it is my time to shine and not know anything about americans of archaeology. 01:33.87 S_ Granarius But yeah, so like we'll just look a saw the most sort of prevalent like wild species that are native to the region and then then as always ah what we've decided is your favorite The case studies. 01:45.88 ALEX Yes, and no one can argue it be about that because what I say is law. Basically anyway, yeah, well just say yes Anyway, we'll start off with the wild species as we've been doing in the previous episodes and. 01:52.30 S_ Granarius Apparently. 02:05.14 ALEX We're gonna start off with a species that we kind of talked about because I just I just need to keep talking about it because it's so weird. It's the North American Moose Slash Elk Also known as and as always Simmona will be forced to do the Latin because come on folks. 02:17.14 S_ Granarius Alous altus. 02:24.57 ALEX It just sounds so much better when she says it. 02:27.89 S_ Granarius Allegedly, yeah, um, but yeah, know because that's um, one weird things because of course in the italian for the North American Mouse very much mirrors the latin so it's just alchi so there's not much confusion there. But of course um, in. British english ah moose ah like ah oh. 02:48.89 ALEX Yeah, yeah, it's pretty hard. It's pretty hard to get your mind around. It. So what we're talking about in this episode is a moose like an actual moose like rocky and bowling gold moose. Okay, it's not what the british seem to understand a moose is they call it an elk. North America this is a moose and the reason for that is because in North america elks refer to a completely different species. 03:14.75 S_ Granarius Because that'll be a che was Canna Densis Also known as the wapiti. 03:19.89 ALEX Ah, yeah, which is originating from the similar word wap t from the shawnee and cree which means white romp so mind blown really annoying I wish we'd all just agree on 1 word but hey. Why not make it confusing and to be honest, this is going to be a bit of a recurring theme in this episode in terms of just extremely confusing terminology. Although I guess it's up. 03:45.60 S_ Granarius Yeah, because like look without looking at it. Ah now the the wapiti looks a lot more like what what is similar to our red dear. 03:56.19 ALEX Yes, which is actually our north american moose I know it's very confusing but we're talking about moose so picture in your head ah moot like the moose. A Moose Canadian moose because interestingly moose are found throughout Canada as well as northern parts the United States such as upstate, New York Michigan places like that I think and interestingly you can actually tell the difference between the north american moose. And the eurasian moose because of course there is a eurasian moose not elk just you know whatever so the north american moose have these really distinctive wide antlers and they've got these 2 lobes on each side kind of like a butterfly. But their eurasian cousins only have one lobe which look closer to what you would expect from other elk this is so confusing. Oh my gosh. 04:56.43 S_ Granarius Yeah, click it is because guess that the term would be I guess would it be a par made anler because it's very similar so in the fallow deer in in Europe you get sort of like that part paration. Um, yeah, yes. 05:04.15 ALEX Yes, yes. 05:11.18 ALEX But we're talking about Moose Not elk. 05:15.98 S_ Granarius Ah, north american moose Alchiz Alchez everyone 05:18.77 ALEX It is. It is so confusing I Actually when we originally wrote these show notes I wrote the wrong Latin down. So yeah, let's move past it because I can't I can't even think about it longer than I put the elk. 05:29.30 S_ Granarius What which one did you put out of interest on. 05:38.21 ALEX I'm not helping I'm not hoping So yeah, let's let's move on to something a bit more easy to understand like the American bison which Latin name is. 05:44.78 S_ Granarius Um, um, well bison Bison or I guess be some bson really that? um you said you'll be easier. 05:49.12 ALEX Now the problem is that it's also known as a buffalo but this term is also used now. No I know I know I lied so it's also referred to as buffalo the problem of course is that Buffalo is also used to refer to other types of bovine species. Including the water buffalo or the Afghan Buffalo but we're talking about bison but they're also known as buffalo. 06:10.45 S_ Granarius Yeah, and ah, but but but a bison is not a buffalo and also just just to make it more interesting. So I mean there's various species of um, there's various some species of ah but. 06:16.20 ALEX Now. 06:29.99 S_ Granarius Sorry what is going on. 06:33.36 ALEX Did someone win something. 06:37.33 archpodnet I Ah sorry that was muted. It's something into my background somehow I unmuted when I moved windows but continue on. Sorry. 06:45.18 ALEX I was just like oh my gosh we won all right? So start with a subspecies I guess. 06:45.43 S_ Granarius Um, um, the um, yeah, left to to to make it a bit more confusing still there's various subspecies of the american bison so you have the wood bison so Bison Bison ahabashi 06:57.21 ALEX 50 07:05.11 S_ Granarius And then there's the plains bison bison bison bison know if anyone remembers our gorilla gorilla gorilla from a previous episode it carries on just to make sure it is exactly a bison. It's a bison bison bison this one? Um, although the latter has been proposed to be actually 2 different subspecies within itself. So with the plains bison referring to the Southern Plains bison and also the northern plains bison Bison Bison Montana um, however, like this is this is still debated so we're just like we we have mentioned this information and then we're going to move away from it. Um. 07:39.13 ALEX Now? Yeah, ah. 07:44.39 S_ Granarius I mean um so the american bison is most likely known for being a significant part of the subsence strategies or various indigenous peoples of the great plains regions of the United States which includes tribes as the the Cheyenne the comanche and the pawny among many others. 08:01.74 ALEX Yeah, and unfortunately I think what a lot of people think of when you think of the american bison unless you're thinking of. Of course you know the the idealistic southwest plains which bison are obviously very prevalence in you know the. Images and things like that. Unfortunately another thing they're very well known for is there are you can probably find them if you just look up american bison photos. There are a lot of photos from you know the want to say Nineteenth century-ish of. Ah, white american settlers standing on top of reposing near thousands and thousands of bison bones as part of the United States government's kind of settler colonialist violence against indigenous people. They obviously realized that bison were such a major part of. Not only subsistence but also the cultures of the plains native americans and they decided to systematically target and massacre the bison and just absolutely devastate the populations so you have these like really gnarly horrible photos of just again thousands of bison. That have been killed I mean there's a lot the stories of because obviously the us army would put out bounties. There were ah hunters that would have kills up to like you know six thousand bison that they were able to kill so it's it's really horrific. And ah, sadly, probably like 1 of the the more well-known parts of the american bison history and the kind of zoo archeology around it. That being said I didn't want to end on that kind of note so on a ah somewhat lighter note Bison have been historically crossbred with cattle. Both on purpose by farmers as well as um, accidentally and we won't go into that but they have been referred to the the crossbread ah species has been referred to as catalo. 10:07.71 S_ Granarius Fair wasn't there like an article years ago. So one of those like feel good articles about this or the scow that had run away and ah somehow been accepted into a herd of bison. 10:18.95 ALEX Yeah I vaguely remember that actually not you say that? But yeah I mean it's one of those I am obviously very tickled by crossread species that have ridiculous names like a catalue Although again, it's it's kind of playing into that Buffalo. Misnomer where it's it's actually bison. So I guess it would be cat Cat Catistison but bye bite bit bissel like. 10:47.40 S_ Granarius Bike bike cow no that just sounds like a cow with 2 heads. Um. 10:56.99 ALEX This is why we don't This is why we we don't name new things as zoo archeologists. We just kind of pick up old stuff. Well you know. 11:06.72 S_ Granarius So some catalo like you could also sound like a weird like hybrid between a buffalo and a cat if I just know no move away from that the the North the North American Beaver temple. 11:13.58 ALEX Oh boy, No no, what do you? What do you mean? No sorry oh let's go back because I want to think about how cute a catalo is what are you talking about like a big cat. 11:25.39 S_ Granarius Yeah. 11:30.31 ALEX Like a really big cat. That's the maybe that actually could do that. That's more of my misunderstanding. What a crossbred cat and Buffalo would be because I'm imagining a really big cat. 11:40.13 S_ Granarius They have I'm picturing a really big cat with equally big horns so they would probably rule us all. 11:46.76 ALEX Yeah, actually no, that's still be cool I don't know what you're talking about. 11:50.70 S_ Granarius Yeah, our new catalog. Ah overlords. 11:53.80 ALEX We can only hope anyway. Yeah, let's let's let's move on to the North American beaver. 11:58.23 S_ Granarius And his species name was actually more like Canadian Beaver because it's a castor canadensis. 12:04.96 ALEX This is true but to be fair, it's because ah, you know Canadada is in North America sorry to the burst your bubble. Oh boy, we're really went into a tizzy after we talked about all that naming conventions and it's all like. 12:13.24 S_ Granarius Ah, is it is it? Yeah um. 12:24.53 S_ Granarius I'm just saying because like ah North America is a big place and Canada is part of it but does not represent the entirety of North America 12:24.64 ALEX And get worse. 12:30.41 ALEX Yeah I mean we pretend that can is not part of it. Just kidding. Love you Canadians Kind of I don't know I've only been a cat that I like twice. 12:43.73 S_ Granarius Although native to North America the beaver has also been introduced to parts of Northern Europe as well as south america I apologize that is my coffee machine turning itself off do not be alarmed. It is still turning itself off. 13:03.90 ALEX So yeah, it's although it is native to North America the beaver has also been introduced to parts of Northern Europe as well as south america I believe it's been introduced to places like Finland ah Scandinavia parts of Europe like that and again to. 13:03.90 S_ Granarius Sad. 13:21.69 ALEX Kind of continue this trend of extremely frustrating and difficult to really comprehend, naming conventions and fake naming Conventions. We are talking about true beavers here and not the fake beavers. Known as the mountain Beaver which isn't a beaver. Really,. It's a rodent like ah ah like a non Beaver rodent. So don't know what that's about. 13:44.30 S_ Granarius I pretend of Eva. 13:52.55 S_ Granarius Yeah, did the Appladantia Rufa which is actually the only member of its genus were they the only living member of his genus but clearly wants to be a beaver. 13:58.17 ALEX Yeah, and it pretends to be a beaver. Yes, yeah, it's I don't There's ah and you know what this wolf This isn't the only ah fake. Species that we'll be talking about in this episode. It's this is extremely cursed episode now that I'm thinking about it. 14:18.78 S_ Granarius It is very cute though. But apparently it's close as relative or actually squirrels. 14:25.34 ALEX You know what I can yeah I can see that to be honest, yeah those incisors they're very similar aren't they. 14:33.80 S_ Granarius It looks like an angry quaka. 14:37.44 ALEX Um, yeah I can see that do you want to explain what a quarkka is to the listening audience. 14:45.50 S_ Granarius Although them quaka is um, a marsupial I think found in parts of Australia that I believe a few years ago has been voted the happiest animal on the planet. Not because it is particularly happy but it just looks happy because I think the the facial expression. It just looks and they're constantly smiling. 15:03.37 ALEX I was going to say like how do you even measure that but I guess with a little mic. Ah. 15:06.92 S_ Granarius I Mean they they asked them. Of course. 15:14.70 S_ Granarius Just said hello Mr Quackaba are you happy. 15:18.66 ALEX I Mean that could be an episode if you guys want to hear us interview animals with a small bike. Let us know we'll do it. 15:31.15 S_ Granarius Theatre bank. The distribution is um, usually along some of the smaller islands off the coast of western australia is where they found so there you go but with, we're not talking about Australia not yet anyway. 15:37.42 ALEX Oh okay, for enough and no not yet. 15:48.18 S_ Granarius So back to the pretender Beaver of North america Ablodantia Rufa 15:52.71 ALEX Well, we're not even talking about them. We're talking about the actual North American Beaver aren't we so beavers were actually historically used by many indigenous peoples for a variety of reasons but mainly for meat and actually. 15:56.41 S_ Granarius Um, yeah, um. 16:10.66 ALEX They use their massive incisors as well. Which as you can understand were very useful as tools I mean look at those things they are basically natural tools for beavers. So unsurprisingly they were often used by indigenous people as well to kind of create various tools and. Their fur would ultimately remain extremely important for unfortunately the later european colonial settlers as they would build their trade in the north and set outposts specifically for Beaver Trade so the yeah might be a trend. There's. 16:42.53 S_ Granarius Is this a trend. 16:48.49 ALEX Trends going on here. But yeah, it's actually really interesting in that I kind of never really thought about beaver being used for meat but obviously a lot of the zoo archeological evidence that we find for Beaver, you do see those very indicative kind of butch remarks on limbs and things like that. Which is yeah, it's very interesting I mean that's been kind of the nice thing about this series. We've been doing is not only are we talking a lot about different regions but also different species and kind of learning new ways that these species were kind of important although the next one I feel like. Kind of new already because it's it's the jaguar jaguar is how you say it in the u k right? Jaguar Jaguar jaguar that's how we I would say it? yes. 17:35.73 S_ Granarius Jagual. 17:40.76 S_ Granarius But but but there are onca. 17:44.74 ALEX So jaguars are the only member of the panthera genus to be native to the Americas and so it's basically the largest cat on both continents and you know the jaguar is probably 1 of the most important symbolic animals for the cultures. Particularly in South America many of the mesoamerican cultures would use depictions of Jaguars not only in their religions as obviously there were many jaguar based gods but they also use the animal as a symbol of power. And Jaguars are kind of really cool because they would either be represented very naturalistically as you know a jaguar on for limbs or as these hybrid creatures with humanistic features like ah the olmec culture. But often depict what is referred to commonly as wear Jaguars which were these like warriors that were also jaguars and they're unsurprisingly very important to ritual so you often find their remains buried as ritual deposits in places. Such as teo tihuakin alongside other grave goods such as obsidian and green stone. So they're pretty cool to be honest and there's wear Jaguars which is just awesome. But yeah. Luckily we were able to finish this segment without any really frustrating naving conventions for the Jaguar. So. Thank you to the jaguar for that. That being said when we enter our next segment after the break we may hit some more confusion. It's about llamas and alpaca folks strap in. 19:30.97 S_ Granarius Oh oh again? well.